Yuav ua li cas txog lub hnab ntawv kraft hauv xyoo pua 19th?

Yuav ua li cas txog lub hnab ntawv kraft hauv xyoo pua 19th?

Rov qab rau xyoo pua 19th, ua ntej kev lag luam loj tuaj, nws yog ib qho uas tib neeg feem ntau yuav khoom txhua hnub ntawm lub khw muag khoom noj ze ntawm qhov chaw lawv ua haujlwm lossis nyob. Nws yog ib qho mob taub hau los muag cov khoom txhua hnub rau cov neeg siv khoom tom qab lawv raug xa mus rau cov khw muag khoom noj hauv cov thoob, cov hnab ntaub lossis cov thawv ntoo. Tib neeg tsuas tuaj yeem tawm mus yuav khoom nrog cov pob tawb lossis cov hnab linen ua hauv tsev. Lub sijhawm ntawd, cov ntaub ntawv raw ntawm daim ntawv tseem yog cov fiber jute thiab cov ntaub linen qub, uas tsis zoo thiab tsis tshua muaj, thiab tsis tuaj yeem ua tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm kev luam ntawv xov xwm. Nyob ib ncig ntawm xyoo 1844, German Friedrich Kohler tau tsim cov txheej txheem ua ntawv ntoo pulp, uas tau txhawb nqa kev txhim kho kev lag luam ntawv thiab tsis ncaj qha yug thawj zaug kev lag luam.lub hnab ntawv kraftnyob rau hauv keeb kwm.

Xyoo 1852, Francis Waller, tus kws tshawb fawb txog tsob ntoo hauv Asmeskas, tau tsim thawj tsob ntoolub hnab ntawv kraftua tshuab, uas tom qab ntawd tau nce mus rau Fabkis, Askiv thiab lwm lub tebchaws European. Tom qab ntawd, kev yug ntawm plywoodcov hnab ntawv kraftthiab kev nce qib ntawmlub hnab ntawv kraftkev siv tshuab xaws ua rau cov hnab paj rwb siv rau kev thauj khoom loj kuj hloov los ntawmcov hnab ntawv kraft.

Thaum nws los txog rau thawj zauglub hnab ntawv xim av kraftrau kev yuav khoom, nws tau yug los rau xyoo 1908 hauv St. Paul, Minnesota. Walter Duverna, tus tswv khw muag khoom noj hauv zos, tau pib nrhiav txoj hauv kev kom cov neeg siv khoom yuav ntau yam khoom ib zaug kom txhawb kev muag khoom. Duverna xav tias nws yuav yog lub hnab ua ntej uas pheej yig thiab yooj yim siv thiab tuaj yeem tuav tsawg kawg 75 phaus. Tom qab kev sim ntau zaus, nws yuav yog qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom siv ntawm lub hnab no xauv rau ntawmntawv kraft xim av, vim nws siv cov ntoo conifer fiber ntev dua, hauv cov txheej txheem ua noj los ntawm chemistry ntau dua caustic soda thiab alcali sulphide tshuaj ua tiav, ua rau lub zog ntawm cov ntoo fiber qub puas tsuaj me me, yog li thaum kawg ua los ntawm ntawv, kev sib txuas ze ntawm fiber, ntawv yog tenacious, tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov nruj loj thiab siab yam tsis tawg. Plaub xyoos tom qab, thawj zauglub hnab ntawv xim av krafttau ua rau kev yuav khoom. Nws yog lub duab plaub fab ntawm qab thiab muaj qhov loj dua li cov duab V ib txwm muajlub hnab ntawv kraftMuaj ib txoj hlua khi hla hauv qab thiab ob sab ntawm lub hnab kom nws lub peev xwm nqa tau khoom ntau dua, thiab muaj ob txoj hlua rub uas yooj yim tuav rau saum lub hnab. Duverna muab lub npe rau lub hnab yuav khoom raws li nws tus kheej thiab tau txais daim ntawv pov thawj patent hauv xyoo 1915. Txog rau lub sijhawm no, muaj ntau tshaj ib lab lub hnab no tau muag txhua xyoo.

Qhov tsos ntawm xim avcov hnab ntawv krafttau hloov txoj kev xav ib txwm hais tias qhov ntau ntawm kev yuav khoom tsuas yog txwv rau qhov ntau ntawm cov khoom uas tuaj yeem nqa tau hauv ob txhais tes, thiab kuj ua rau cov neeg siv khoom tsis txhawj txog qhov tsis nqa nws, uas txo qhov kev lom zem ntawm kev yuav khoom nws tus kheej. Nws yuav yog kev hais ua kom dhau los hais tias qhovlub hnab ntawv xim av krafttau txhawb nqa kev muag khoom tag nrho, tab sis tsawg kawg nws tau qhia rau cov lag luam tias nws tsis yooj yim sua kom kwv yees tau tias cov neeg siv khoom yuav yuav ntau yam khoom li cas kom txog thaum qhov kev paub txog kev yuav khoom zoo li xis nyob, so thiab yooj yim li sai tau. Nws yog qhov no uas ua rau cov neeg tuaj tom qab muab qhov tseem ceeb rau kev paub txog kev yuav khoom ntawm cov neeg siv khoom, thiab tseem txhawb kev txhim kho ntawm lub pob tawb khw muag khoom loj thiab lub laub yuav khoom tom qab.

Hauv ib nrab xyoo pua tom ntej no, kev loj hlob ntawm xim avntawv kraft cov hnab khwYuav hais tau tias du, qhov kev txhim kho ntawm cov khoom ua rau nws lub peev xwm nqa tau zoo dua tas li, qhov tsos tau dhau los ua qhov zoo nkauj dua, cov chaw tsim khoom luam tawm txhua yam cim lag luam, cov qauv ntawm cov hnab ntawv kraft xim av, rau hauv cov khw muag khoom thiab cov khw hauv txoj kev. Txog rau nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, kev tshwm sim ntawm cov hnab yas yuav khoom tau dhau los ua lwm qhov kev hloov pauv loj hauv keeb kwm kev loj hlob ntawm cov hnab khw. Nws yog nyias dua, muaj zog dua thiab pheej yig dua los ua kom zoo dua xws li lub hnab ntawv kraft xim av uas ib zaug nrov tau ploj mus. Txij thaum ntawd los, cov hnab yas tau dhau los ua thawj qhov kev xaiv rau kev noj txhua hnub, thaum cov hnab tawv nyuj tau maj mam "rov qab mus rau kab thib ob".

Thaum kawg, cov fadedlub hnab ntawv xim av krafttsuas yog siv tau rau lub npe ntawm "nostalgia", "xwm" thiab "kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig" rau ob peb yam khoom siv tu tawv nqaij, khaub ncaws thiab phau ntawv, ntim khoom suab thiab video.

Tab sis kev sib txawv thoob ntiaj teb tawm tsam yas tab tom tig cov neeg tiv thaiv ib puag ncig rov qab mus rau qhov qublub hnab ntawv xim av kraftTxij li xyoo 2006, McDonald's Tuam Tshoj tau maj mam qhia txog lub thawv ntim khoom uas muaj cua sovlub hnab ntawv xim av kraftrau cov khoom noj nqa mus tsev hauv txhua lub khw muag khoom, hloov kev siv cov hnab yas rau khoom noj. Qhov kev txav no tau raug hais los ntawm lwm cov khw muag khoom, xws li Nike thiab Adidas, uas yav dhau los yog cov neeg siv hnab yas loj, thiab tab tom hloov cov hnab yas rau cov hnab ntawv xim av zoo.